The Triple Planetary Crisis, comprising the threats of climate change, pollution, and biodiversity loss, represents a major challange for the international community. Bilateral and multilateral collaboration as well as cooperation, are necessary to ensure a livable future for our planet.

In response to these challanges, Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement through Law Number 16 of 2016. This law is aimed to support efforts to prevent a global temperature rise below 2°C from pre-industrial levels, while continuosly striving to limit the temperature rise to 1.5°C. Indonesia’s commitment has been expressed by the submission of its First Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), which outlined a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 29% (CM 1) to 41% (CM 2) compared to business- as-usual (BAU) projections by 2030.

In 2021, Indonesia further solidified its commitment by submitting an Updated NDC and developing its Long-Term Strategy for Law Carbon and Climate Resilience (LTS-LCCR) 2050. The vision of the LTS-LCCR 2050 is to achieve net-zero emissions by 2060 or sooner, with the Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) sector set to become a Net Sink by 2030.

Indonesia’s commitment to reducing GHG emissions continues with the submission of the Enhanced NDC, which targets a 31.89% reduction by domestic efforts, and up to 43.20% reduction with international support by 2030. This reduction spans five key sectors namely energy, agriculture, industrial processes and product use (IPPU), waste, and forestry. The FOLU sector is projected to contribute the largest share, accounting for 60% of emission reduction.

To accelerate progress, the Government of Indonesia has enacted various policies, including Presidential Regulation Number 98 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Carbon Economic Value to Achieve NDC Targets and Control GHG Emissions in National Development. Article 3, Paragraph 4, of this regulation emphasizes that GHG emission reductions will primarily be supported by the “Indonesia’s Forestry and Other Land Use (FOLU) Net Sink 2030” approach. To accelerate this target, the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (KLHK) has developed 12 strategic operational plan of mitigation actions, as outlined in the Minister of Environment and Forestry Decree Number: 168/MENLHK/PKTL/PLA.1/2022. These actions aim to reduce GHG emissions in the FOLU sector by -140 million tons CO2e by 2030, with the main basis are sustainable forest management, environmental governance, and carbon governance. The Operational Plan for FOLU Net Sink 2030 is based on spatial analysis approach, incorporating institutional typology map, forest area optimization direction map, and biogeophysical index map. These analyses resulted in thematic maps that show priority locations for program implementation as follows:

1. Deforestation and Forest Degradation Control

2. Rehabilitation and Restoration

3. Sustainable Forest Management

4. Peatland Water Management Improvement 5. Biodiversity Conservation 6. Mangrove Management

The implementation of Indonesia’s FOLU Net Sink 2030 Operational Plan is elaborated through institutional strengthening, the development of supportive policies, targeted location identification, and enhanced funding. Achieving this ambitious target will require cooperation and synergy of various stakeholders, including national and sub-national governments, academia, business actors, NGOs, community groups, local peoples, and international partners.